Small Clauses In English

Small Clauses in English

1992-01-01

The TiEL series features volumes that present interesting new data and analyses, and above all fresh approaches that contribute to the overall aim of the series, which is to further outstanding research in English linguistics.

Author: Bas Aarts

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter

ISBN: 9783110861457

Category: Language Arts & Disciplines

Page: 239

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The future of English linguistics as envisaged by the editors of Topics in English Linguistics lies in empirical studies which integrate work in English linguistics into general and theoretical linguistics on the one hand, and comparative linguistics on the other. The TiEL series features volumes that present interesting new data and analyses, and above all fresh approaches that contribute to the overall aim of the series, which is to further outstanding research in English linguistics.

The Non verbal Type of Small Clauses in English and Lithuanian

2009-12-14

Second, COBUILD Bank of English, British National Corpus, and a number of dictionaries were used to sort out examples ... which is disclosed by the resemblance between full and small clauses, AGR features, and theta-role assignment. 4.

Author: Judita Giparaite

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

ISBN: 9781443818049

Category: Language Arts & Disciplines

Page: 250

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The study The Non-verbal Type of Small Clauses in English and Lithuanian is one of the first attempts to apply the methods of generative grammar to the analysis of a fragment of Lithuanian grammar, i.e., constructions with secondary predicates of the type V [NP1 NP2] and V [NP1 AP], the sub-strings [NP1 NP2] and [NP1 AP] of which in generative works are usually called small clauses. The investigation is contrastive; the evidence of Lithuanian is compared with that of English. Whereas the syntactic study of secondary predicates in English has a certain tradition, traditional Lithuanian grammar does not have a single notion to what is known elsewhere as secondary predicates. In Lithuanian traditional grammar secondary predicates are usually referred to as a part of compound nominal predicates, predicative attributes, a part of complex objects and are not singled out as a distinct category but are given different, often contradictory treatments. Thus the research can be considered pioneering work as far as Lithuanian is concerned. It not only contributes to the theoretical discussion about the adequate way of dealing with secondary predicates in Government and Binding framework, but can also be considered instrumental in propagating modern methods of syntactic analysis in tradition-ridden Lithuanian grammar. The present work addresses an important problem whether the Lithuanian and English constructions under investigation express a subject-predicate relationship and form a constituent and can be described as having the syntactic function of a clause. For this purpose, the syntactic and semantic as well as clausal properties of the sequences [NP1 NP2] and [NP1 AP] in the two languages under consideration are discussed. The clausal properties of the sub-strings [NP1 NP2] and [NP1 AP] are investigated on the basis of the presence of agreement features, sentence negation, the resemblance to full clauses, theta-role assignment, word order, and applying sentence constituency tests.

Different Types of Small Clauses and Their Analysis

2009-05-29

Author: Eric Weidner

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

ISBN: 9783640335565

Category: Literary Collections

Page: 20

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Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1, University of Marburg (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Proseminar Syntax, language: English, abstract: In this term paper, I will deal with some aspects of Small Clause (SC) analysis in English. The first chapter will explain what SCs are and present a general overview of their position in sentences. Furthermore I will briefly introduce a controversial analysis and consider the advantages of the SC analysis, as opposed to a predication analysis for example. Therefore several constituent tests will be applied to show that SCs can really function as syntactic units. Some semantic aspects will also be discussed to prove that they should be treated as units. In the next chapter I will introduce different types of SCs. German will be considered as well and a comparison of both English and German SCs will be presented. The argument for the existence of German SCs is very similar to the English. For this reason I will not present the line of reasoning once more but simply assume the same syntactical phenomenon for German as well (for a more detailed analysis of German Small Clauses see Staudinger 1997: 111-115). It will be argued that English offers some more possible constructions with SCs than German. This observation leads to the conclusion that there are some significant differences between the two languages. In a last step a possible analysis for the internal structure of Small Clauses will be presented. The need for a special analysis will be explained with respect to case-assignment. Then the suggested analysis will be applied to the presented types in unmarked word order to see if it is appropriate in practice. I will focus mainly on English here because an analysis of German SCs has to put up with different problems. Some of these struggles will also be discussed here. In the conclusion the results of the previous chapters will be summarized. In addition some ideas for further research beyond the content of this paper will be given.

Small Clauses in Spanish

2002

In other words , with the exception of Demonte ( 1992 ) and Rapoport ( 1999 ) , whose respective work provides many valuable insights into the semantics of small clauses in Spanish and English , little attention has been paid to the ...

Author: Jiyoung Yoon

Publisher:

ISBN: IND:30000077644510

Category:

Page: 432

View: 533

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Current Research on Language Learning and Teaching

2016-05-11

Abstract This paper will discuss the possibilities of extraction from Small Clauses in English. The emphasis will be on movement to the left from nominal and adjectival Small Clauses, mainly focusing on wh-movement and topicalisation.

Author: Azamat Akbarov

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

ISBN: 9781443893145

Category: Language and languages

Page: 301

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This volume represents the first collection of essays on research dedicated to the work of scholars and experts from Bosnia and Herzegovina. It provides programmatic state-of-the-art overviews of current issues in the language sciences and their applications in first, second, and bilingual language acquisition in naturalistic and tutored contexts, and brings together disciplinary perspectives from linguistics, sociolinguistics, language teaching, education and intercultural communication. This book will be of particular interest to anyone wishing to know the value, and the pitfalls, of current research, to understand its various applications for foreign language education in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to appreciate the qualities of rigor and trustworthiness required to evaluate and interpret current studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Indeed, this volume provides an informed perspective on the field’s developments and an insightful analysis of interdisciplinary studies in the country.

Evolutionary Syntax

2015

In any event, small clauses do not have the functional power to assign their subjects a structural (nominative) case. ... Merge of tense (examples in (b)), and subsequent Move of the subject to TP in English (examples in (c)).

Author: Ljiljana Progovac

Publisher: Oxford Studies in the Evolutio

ISBN: 9780198736554

Category: Language Arts & Disciplines

Page: 280

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In this book, Ljiljana Progovac proposes a gradualist, adaptationist approach to the evolution of syntax, subject to natural selection. She provides a specific framework for its study, combining the fields of evolutionary biology, theoretical syntax, typology, neuroscience, and genetics. The author pursues an internal reconstruction of the stages of grammar based on the syntactic theory associated with Chomskyan Minimalism and arrives at specific, testable hypotheses, which are then corroborated by an abundance of theoretically analysed 'living fossils' drawn from a variety of languages. Her approach demonstrates that these fossil structures do not just coexist alongside more modern structures, but are in fact built into the very foundation of more complex structures, leading to quirks and complexities that are suggestive of a gradualist evolutionary scenario. By reconstructing a particular path along which syntax evolved, Evolutionary Syntax sheds light on the crucial properties of language design itself, as well as on the major parameters of crosslinguistic variation. As a result, this reconstruction can be meaningfully correlated with both the hominin timeline and the ever-growing body of genetic evidence that is available.

Language Processing and Disorders

2018-06-11

English language) × 2 Small Clause (adjectival clause vs. prepositional clause) repeated measures ANOVAs. Significance values for the pairwise comparisons were corrected for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction.

Author: Teresa Parodi

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

ISBN: 9781527511958

Category: Language Arts & Disciplines

Page: 410

View: 114

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Language processing is considered as an important part of cognition, with an ever-increasing amount of studies conducted on this field. This volume brings together research on language processing and disorders presented at the Experimental Psycholinguistics Conference in Madrid. It covers topics ranging across syntax processing, second language acquisition, bilingualism, lexical processing, and language disorders. The contributions here include studies about universal quantifiers, prepositional phrases, relative clauses, argument structure, personal pronouns, modal particles, anaphoras, relative clauses, long distance extractions, light verbs, small clauses, inflectional morphology, focus particles, prosody, acoustics, and phonotactics.

Big Events Small Clauses

2012-10-01

5.2 Circumstantial meanings of the absolutes shown in the Norwegian correspondences When an English possessive absolute corresponds to a Norwegian adverbial phrase or clause (other than a med construction). the most frequent ...

Author: Cathrine Fabricius-Hansen

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter

ISBN: 9783110285864

Category: Language Arts & Disciplines

Page: 466

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This book investigates specific syntactic means of event elaboration across seven Indo-European languages (English, German, Norwegian, French, Russian, Latin and Ancient Greek): bare and comitative small clauses (“absolutes”), participle constructions and related clause-like but non-finite adjuncts that increase descriptive granularity with respect to constitutive parts of the matrix event (elaboration in the narrowest sense), or describe eventualities that are co-located and connected with but not part of the matrix event. The book falls in two parts. Part I addresses central theoretical issues: How is the co-eventive interpretation of such adjuncts achieved? What is the internal syntax of participial and converb constructions? How do these constructions function at the discourse level, as compared to various finite structures that are available for co-eventive elaboration? Part II takes an empirical cross-linguistic perspective. It consists of five self-contained chapters that are based on parallel corpora and study either the use of a specific construction across at least two of the seven object languages, or how a specific construction is rendered in other languages.

Advances in Greek Generative Syntax

2005-01-01

See Spyropoulos ( 1998 , 1999 ) for a discussion of the relevant data in English and Greek . 3. ... It is further justified by the fact that we can find small clauses with expletive subjects ( Webelhuth 1995 ; Authier 1991 ) : ( ii ) I ...

Author: Melita Stavrou

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

ISBN: 9027228000

Category: Language Arts & Disciplines

Page: 384

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This collection of original research focuses on various lesser studied aspects of Greek syntax. The articles combine a sound empirical coverage within current developments of generative theory and cover a wide spectrum of areas. The syntax of sentential structure is dealt with by two articles, one is an extensive analysis of the distribution of goal and beneficiary dative DPs in Greek (and cross-linguistically) and the other addresses the relation agree in small clauses (and between adjectives and nouns). Two articles study the acquisition of the left periphery and of eventivity and one focuses on the historical evolution of participles in Greek, out of which gerunds emerged. The syntax and semantics of wh-clauses in DP positions and of the non-volitional verb ?elo are the focus of two articles situated in the syntaxsemantics interface. The DP domain is approached by two theoretical articles, one on a Greek possessive adjective and another on determiner heads. The final contribution studies the acquisition of the Greek definite article.

Themes in Greek Linguistics II

1998-01-01

In conclusion, small clauses in English have the following structure (23): (23) [AGRP DP-subjecti [AGR' AGR [XP t i [x X....]]]] The overt movement of the DP-subject to the [Spec, AGRP] position is forced by the existence of a strong ...

Author: Brian D. Joseph

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

ISBN: 9789027236647

Category: Language Arts & Disciplines

Page: 346

View: 999

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This volume brings together 11 original papers on a variety of themes in Greek linguistics, covering phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics, both synchronically and diachronically.Collectively, these papers report on recent advances in the study of Greek grammar within the framework of generative grammar, and provide insights into such diverse topics as the analysis of consonant clusters, the representation of stress, the status of inflectional features, the relationship between compounds and projection, derived nominals, the occurrence of weak clitic pronouns in questions, small clauses, focus constructions, word order, the placement of clitics in Cappadocian dialects, and Medieval Greek relativisation strategies. Together, they show that Greek is a vital contributor to issues of current controversy in grammatical theory.

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